​
Introduction

GraphRAG is a powerful feature of R2R that allows you to perform graph-based search and retrieval. This guide will walk you through the process of setting it up and running your first queries.

An example knowledge graph constructed from companies in the YC directory.

Note that graph construction may take long for local LLMs, we recommend using cloud LLMs for faster results.

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Start server

r2r serve

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Ingesting files

We begin the cookbook by ingesting the default sample file aristotle.txt used across R2R tutorials and cookbooks: 
r2r ingest-sample-file
Example Response
[{'message': 'Ingestion task queued successfully.', 'task_id': '2b16bb55-4f47-4e66-a6bd-da9e215b9793', 'document_id': '9fbe403b-c11c-5aae-8ade-ef22980c3ad1'}]
You can also ingest your own files: 
r2r ingest-files /path/to/your/files_or_directory
The initial ingestion step adds parses the given documents and inserts them into R2R’s relational and vector databases, enabling document management and semantic search over them. The aristotle.txt example file is typically ingested in under 10s. You can confirm ingestion is complete by querying the documents overview table: 
r2r documents-overview
Example Response
{'id': '9fbe403b-c11c-5aae-8ade-ef22980c3ad1', 'title': 'aristotle.txt', 'user_id': '2acb499e-8428-543b-bd85-0d9098718220', 'type': 'txt', 'created_at': '2024-09-05T18:20:47.921933Z', 'updated_at': '2024-09-05T18:20:47.921938Z', 'ingestion_status': 'success', 'restructuring_status': 'pending', 'version': 'v0', 'collection_ids': [], 'metadata': {'version': 'v0'}}
When ingestion completes successfully for a given file we will find that ingestion_status reads success in the corresponding output.

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Create Knowledge Graph

Knowledge graph creation is done in two steps:
  1. create-graph: Extracts nodes and relationships from your input document collection.
  2. enrich-graph: Enhances the graph structure through clustering and explaining entities (commonly referred to as GraphRAG).
# collection ID is optional. If you don't specify one, the default collection will be used.
r2r create-graph --collection-id=122fdf6a-e116-546b-a8f6-e4cb2e2c0a09
This will run a cost estimation step to give you an estimate of the cost of the graph creation process.
Example Response
Time taken: 0.21 seconds
{
  "results": {
    "message": "These are estimated ranges, actual values may vary. To run the KG creation process, run `create-graph` with `--run` in the cli, or `run_mode=\"run\"` in the client.",
    "document_count": 2,
    "number_of_jobs_created": 3,
    "total_chunks": 29,
    "estimated_entities": "290 - 580",
    "estimated_triples": "362 - 870",
    "estimated_llm_calls": "348 - 638",
    "estimated_total_in_out_tokens_in_millions": "0 - 1",
    "estimated_total_time_in_minutes": "Depends on your API key tier. Accurate estimate coming soon. Rough estimate: 0.0 - 0.17",
    "estimated_cost_in_usd": "0.0 - 0.06"
  }
}
Then, you can run the graph creation process with: 
r2r create-graph --collection-id=122fdf6a-e116-546b-a8f6-e4cb2e2c0a09 --run
Example Response
[{'message': 'Graph creation task queued successfully.', 'task_id': 'd9dae1bb-5862-4a16-abaf-5297024df390'}]
This step will create a knowledge graph with nodes and relationships. Below is a visualization of the graph which we produced with Neo4j (deprecated as of now. We are working on a new visualization tool): 
MATCH (a)
RETURN a
Aristotle Graph
  1. Using the r2r inspect-knowledge-graph command.
r2r inspect-knowledge-graph
The output should be roughly as follows: 
== Meteorologica ==
  Is studied by:
    - Aristotle

== Aristotle ==
  Influenced by:
    - Anaxagoras
    - Democritus
  Critiqued by:
    - Empedocles
....

== Graph Statistics ==
Number of nodes: 54
Number of edges: 57
Number of connected components: 7

== Most Central Nodes ==
  Aristotle: 0.6604
  Organon: 0.1132
  Meteorologica: 0.0189
  Lesbos: 0.0189
  Nicomachus: 0.0189

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Graph Enrichment

Now we have a graph, but this graph is not searchable yet. We need to perform the graph enrichment step. The graph enrichment step adds node and relationship descriptions, performs hierarchical leiden clustering to create communities, and embeds the descriptions. These embeddings will be used later in the local search stage of the pipeline. If you are more interested in the algorithm, please refer to the blog post here. 
# collection ID is optional. If you don't specify one, the default collection will be used.
r2r enrich-graph --collection-id=122fdf6a-e116-546b-a8f6-e4cb2e2c0a09
Similar to the graph creation step, this will run a cost estimation step to give you an estimate of the cost of the graph enrichment process.
Example Response
Time taken: 0.22 seconds
{
  "results": {
    "total_entities": 269,
    "total_triples": 345,
    "estimated_llm_calls": "26 - 53",
    "estimated_total_in_out_tokens_in_millions": "0.05 - 0.11",
    "estimated_total_time_in_minutes": "Depends on your API key tier. Accurate estimate coming soon. Rough estimate: 0.01 - 0.02",
    "estimated_cost_in_usd": "0.0 - 0.01"
  }
}
Now, you can run the graph enrichment process with: 
r2r enrich-graph --collection-id=122fdf6a-e116-546b-a8f6-e4cb2e2c0a09 --run
Now you can see that the graph is enriched with the following information. We have added descriptions and embeddings to the nodes and relationships. Also, each node is mapped to a community. Following is a visualization of the enriched graph (deprecated as of now. We are working on a new visualization tool): Enriched Graph GraphRAG currently supports two types of searches: local and global. Local searches are faster and cheaper than global. A local knowledge graph search performs similarity search on the entity, relationship and community description embeddings. 
r2r search --query="Who is Aristotle?" --use-kg-search --kg-search-type=local
The answer will be returned in JSON format and contains results from entities, relationships and communities. Following is a snippet of the output: 
Vector search results:
[
  {
    'fragment_id': 'ecc754cd-380d-585f-84ac-021542ef3c1d',
    'extraction_id': '92d78034-8447-5046-bf4d-e019932fbc20',
    'document_id': '9fbe403b-c11c-5aae-8ade-ef22980c3ad1',
    'user_id': '2acb499e-8428-543b-bd85-0d9098718220',
    'collection_ids': [],
    'score': 0.7393344796100582,
    'text': 'Aristotle[A] (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.\n\nLittle is known about Aristotle's life. He was born in the city of Stagira in northern Greece during the Classical period. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At 17 or 18, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of 37 (c.\u2009347 BC). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored his son Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. He established a library in the Lyceum, which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls.\n\nThough Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dia ...",
    'metadata': {'title': 'aristotle.txt', 'version': 'v0', 'file_name': 'tmpm3ceiqs__aristotle.txt', 'chunk_order': 0, 'document_type': 'txt', 'size_in_bytes': 73353, 'unstructured_filetype': 'text/plain', 'unstructured_languages': ['eng'], 'partitioned_by_unstructured': True, 'associatedQuery': 'Who is Aristotle?'}}
  }, ...
]

KG search results:
{
  'local_result': {
    'query': 'Who is Aristotle?',
    'entities': {'0': {'name': 'Aristotle', 'description': 'Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, recognized as the father of various fields including logic, biology, and political science. He authored significant works such as the *Nicomachean Ethics* and *Politics*, where he explored concepts of virtue, governance, and the nature of reality, while also critiquing Platos ideas. His teachings and observations laid the groundwork for numerous disciplines, influencing thinkers ...'}},
    'relationships': {},
    'communities': {'0': {'summary': '```json\n{\n    "title": "Aristotle and His Contributions",\n    "summary": "The community revolves around Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, who made significant contributions to various fields including logic, biology, political science, and economics. His works, such as 'Politics' and 'Nicomachean Ethics', have influenced numerous disciplines and thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and beyond. The relationships between his various works and the fields he contributed to highlight his profound impact on Western thought.",\n    "rating": 9.5,\n    "rating_explanation": "The impact severity rating is high due to Aristotle's foundational influence on multiple disciplines and his enduring legacy in Western philosophy and science.",\n    "findings": [\n        {\n            "summary": "Aristotle's Foundational Role in Logic",\n            "explanation": "Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until the 19th-century advances in mathematical logic. His works compiled into a set of six bo ...}}}}
  },
  'global_result': None
}
Time taken: 2.39 seconds
Global searches can be used for queries that require reasoning over the whole dataset. They provide more accurate results, however they use a large amount of queries and are expensive. We recommend checking the number of clusters created in the graph and setting the max-llm-queries to be a fraction (> 0.1) of that number. 
r2r search --query="What were Aristotles key contributions to philosophy?" --use-kg-search --kg-search-type=global --max-llm-queries-for-global-search=100
Extracting the global_result from the payload that is returned above we find the following: 

### Aristotle's Key Contributions to Philosophy

Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, made foundational contributions to numerous fields, including philosophy, logic, biology, and political science. His works have had a lasting impact on Western thought and the development of modern science.

#### Foundational Role in Various Fields

Aristotle is recognized as the father of several disciplines. His significant works, such as the *Nicomachean Ethics* and *Politics*, explore concepts of virtue, governance, and the nature of reality. These texts are foundational in ethical theory and political science, examining the best ways to achieve a virtuous and potentially happy character [Data: Reports (2, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, +more)].

#### Contributions to Logic

Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, which remained the dominant form of Western logic until the 19th century. His works, compiled into a set of six books called the *Organon*, are foundational to the field of logic [Data: Reports (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, +more)].

#### Influence on Medieval and Modern Thought

Aristotle's influence extended well beyond his lifetime, impacting medieval scholars and modern thinkers alike. His works were translated into Arabic and studied by Muslim philosophers, contributing to the intellectual heritage of the Islamic Golden Age. In the Middle Ages, Aristotle's ideas were integrated into Christian theology and philosophy, shaping the scholastic tradition [Data: Reports (5)].

#### Classification of the Rational Soul

According to Aristotle's classification, humans possess the rational soul, which is unique to them. This rational soul is responsible for higher-order thinking and reasoning, distinguishing humans from other beings that may only possess vegetative or sensitive souls. The rational soul enables humans to engage in philosophical thought, ethical reasoning, and scientific inquiry [Data: Reports (3)].

#### Exploration of Memory and Cognition

Aristotle's exploration of memory in relation to sensation and perception laid the groundwork for understanding human cognition and perception. His methodological approach to studying memory and other cognitive processes involved systematic observation and logical analysis, influencing the scientific method and the way researchers study human cognition and behavior [Data: Reports (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)].

#### Concept of Aether

Aristotle proposed Aether as a divine substance within the framework of classical elements. It is associated with circular motion in the heavens and is seen as encompassing all classical elements. This concept highlights its central role in ancient philosophical thought and its influence on the conceptualization of the universe [Data: Reports (4)].

#### Influence on Dante

Dante Alighieri, the renowned Italian poet, referred to Aristotle as "the master of those who know," highlighting the profound respect and influence Aristotle had on his work. Dante's philosophy is deeply rooted in Aristotelian thought, particularly in the context of his *Comedy* [Data: Reports (3)].

### Conclusion

Aristotle's contributions to philosophy are vast and multifaceted, spanning ethics, logic, political science, and cognitive science. His works have influenced a wide range of disciplines and continue to be studied and revered for their profound insights into human nature and the world.

​
RAG

You can directly use these search results as part of your RAG pipeline. 
r2r rag --query="What are the key contributions of Aristotle to modern society?" --use-kg-search --kg-search-type=global --max-llm-queries-for-global-search=100
The output is as follows: 
'results': {
  'completion': {
    'id': 'chatcmpl-A4CPZfvJWHNdbSU0EaUYW2jVjpOgi',
    'choices': [
      {
        'finish_reason': 'stop',
        'index': 0,
        'logprobs': None,
        'message': {
          'content': 'Aristotle's contributions that still impact modern society span a wide range of fields:
          1. **Logic**: Aristotle is often called the father of formal logic. His work in this area laid the groundwork for the development of logical reasoning, which continues to be a fundamental aspect of modern philosophy, mathematics, and computer science [2].

          2. **Biology**: Aristotle is considered the first person to study biology systematically. His observations and classifications in zoology and embryology have influenced the field significantly. Modern zoologists still refer to him as the father of biology, and his methods of empirical observation are foundational to the scientific method [2], [6].

          3. **Political Science**: Aristotle's work in political science, particularly his book "Politics," has had a lasting influence on the field. His ideas about the nature of the city, the role of citizens, and the classification of political systems continue to be relevant in contemporary political theory and practice [2], [8].

          4. **Ethics**: Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" explores the concept of virtue and the good life, which remains a cornerstone of modern ethical theory. His ideas have seen a resurgence with the modern advent of virtue ethics [1], [12].

          5. **Scientific Method**: Aristotle's contributions to the scientific method, including his emphasis on empirical observation and systematic inquiry, have left every future scientist and philosopher in his debt. His approach to studying the natural world laid the groundwork for modern scientific inquiry [2], [12].

          6. **Literature and the Arts**: Aristotle's "Poetics" has profoundly influenced literary theory, particularly the structure of tragedy. His analysis of plot, character, and catharsis continues to be a reference point for writers and critics [4].

          7. **Economics**: Aristotle made substantial contributions to economic thought, particularly in his discussions on property, trade, and the origin of money. His ideas influenced medieval economic thought and continue to be relevant in discussions about the nature and function of money [5].

          8. **Psychology**: Aristotle's exploration of the rational soul and its capabilities has significantly influenced philosophical thought and ethical reasoning. His classification of the rational soul underscores the unique capabilities of human cognition [12].

          These contributions highlight Aristotle's enduring legacy and his profound impact on various fields of modern knowledge and society.', 'refusal': None, 'role': 'assistant', 'function_call': None, 'tool_calls': None}}], 'created': 1725564385, 'model': 'gpt-4o-2024-05-13
          ',
          ....
}

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Conclusion

In conclusion, integrating R2R with GraphRAG significantly enhances the capabilities of your RAG applications. By leveraging the power of graph-based knowledge representations, GraphRAG allows for more nuanced and context-aware information retrieval. This is evident in the example query we ran using R2R, which not only retrieved relevant information but also provided a structured analysis of the key contributions of Aristotle to modern society. In essence, combining R2R with GraphRAG empowers your RAG applications to deliver more intelligent, context-aware, and insightful responses, making it a powerful tool for advanced information retrieval and analysis tasks. Feel free to reach out to us at founders@sciphi.ai if you have any questions or need further assistance.